02-The Biological Foundation of Psychology

**The biological foundations of psychology** are based on the principle that all human behavior and mental experiences originate from the complex activities of the nervous system. This system is composed of building blocks called **nerve cells** that exchange information between themselves and other organs through electrical impulses and chemical messengers. The brain, as a command center, uses various parts to manage vital needs, control emotions, record memories, and perform higher mental processes such as thinking and language, each of which is concentrated in specific areas. In addition to these mechanisms, endocrine glands affect mental states and long-term functions of the body by secreting chemicals into the blood. Also, hereditary characteristics and the process of evolution have played a fundamental role in the formation of behavior over millions of years, so that there is always a constant interaction between genetic predispositions and environmental influences to explain the complexities of human existence.